3.4.a 3.4.c

Multiplication & Division Facts 3rd Grade

Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills (TEKS): 3.4.a
learn and apply multiplication facts through 12 by 12 using concrete models and objects;
Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills (TEKS): 3.4.c
use models to solve division problems and use number sentences to record the solutions.

When a number is added to itself multiple times, this is called repeated addition.

A multiplication problem can be thought of as a repeated addition problem
where the first factor is the number of times the second factor is added.

Example:

The problem shown is the sum of nine 3's.
Repeated addition can be represented by multiplication.

The sum of nine 3's can be represented by 9 × 3.
Multiply or add to solve the problem.

9 × 3 = 27

3 + 3 + 3 + 3 + 3 + 3 + 3 + 3 + 3 = 27

An area model can be used to represent multiplication.
	The number of rows is the first factor.
	The number of columns is the second factor.
	The product is the area of the model, which can be found by counting the number of squares it is made up of.

Example:

An area model can be used to represent multiplication.
The number of rows multiplied by the number of columns equals the area of the model, or the number of squares it is made up of.

This area model has 4 rows, 5 columns, and an area of 20 squares.
So, the number sentence 4 × 5 = 20 matches the area model.

Skip counting can also be used to model multiplication.
Skip count by the second factor the number of times given by the first factor.

Example:

One way to multiply two numbers is to use skip counting.
Find 7 × 3 by skip counting by 3's seven times.

3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21

So, 7 × 3 = 21.

Multiplication is a way to add a number to itself a certain number of times.

In a multiplication sentence, the numbers that are multiplied
are called factors, and the answer is called the product.

3	×	5	=	15
factor	×	factor	=	product

Example:

Use repeated addition to find the product.
4 × 5 is the same as four 5's added together.

4 × 5	=	5 + 5 + 5 + 5
	=	20

The four operations are addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.

Representing and solving word problems involves choosing the correct operation(s).

Example:

Multiplication can be used to find a total when a given amount is added multiple times.
The amount Sandy bought is 3 times the amount Randy bought.
Randy bought 2 pounds. Solve for 3 groups of 2.

3 × 2 = 6

An array can be used to represent a multiplication sentence.

	The number of rows is the first factor.
	The number of columns is the second factor.
	The total number of objects is the product.

The same array can be also be used to represent a related division sentence.

	The total number of objects is the dividend.
	The number of rows is either the divisor or the quotient.
	The number of columns is either the quotient or the divisor.

Example:

The array has 6 rows, 8 columns, and 48 chickens.

Looking at the rows, the array can be divided into 6 groups with 8 chickens in each group.

So, the array models the division sentence 48 ÷ 6 = 8.

Looking at the columns, the array can be divided into 8 groups with
6 chickens in each group.

So, the array also models the division sentence 48 ÷ 8 = 6.

Multiplication & Division Facts

Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills (TEKS): 3.4.a

learn and apply multiplication facts through 12 by 12 using concrete models and objects;

Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills (TEKS): 3.4.c

use models to solve division problems and use number sentences to record the solutions.

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