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My Location: PA
Roots and Affixes
4th Grade
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Pennsylvania Core Standards:
CC.1.1.4.D
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Know and apply grade-level phonics and word analysis skills in decoding words.
- Use combined knowledge of all letter-sound correspondences,syllabication patterns, and morphology to read accurately unfamiliar multisyllabic words.
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 4th Grade Reading - Roots and Affixes Lesson
Roots & Affixes
Words are built from meaningful roots and affixes.
Roots are the basic units of meaning of words. Many roots can stand alone as words.
Affixes are word parts added to root words to build on or change their meanings.
- Prefixes attach to the beginnings of words.
- Suffixes attach to the ends of words.
misalignment: [noun] the state or result of being incorrectly lined up
autobiography: [noun] a self-written story of one's own life
Examples of Roots and Affixes
| Prefix |
Meaning |
Example Words |
| mis- |
wrong, incorrectly |
misspell, misjudge |
| sub- |
under |
submarine, subtotal |
| dis- |
not, opposite of, apart, away |
disappear, disinterested |
| anti- |
against |
antivirus, antisocial |
| en- |
make, cause to be |
enforce, envision |
| ex- |
out |
export, exit |
| in- |
not |
inactive, invisible |
| post- |
after |
postdate, postscript |
| pre- |
before |
prefix, pretest |
| un- |
no, not, opposite |
unafraid, unlikely |
| under- |
below, lacking |
underage, underground |
| re- |
again |
redo, realign |
| Suffix |
Meaning |
Example Words |
| -ment |
result, state, quality, process, or action of |
judgment, involvement |
| -ity, -ty |
state or condition of |
equality, royalty |
| -ist |
one who does something |
violinist, artist |
| -en |
to do something |
strengthen, fasten |
| -able |
able to be or cause |
flammable, teachable |
| -less |
without, lacking |
heartless, clueless |
| -ly |
in what way |
happily, safely |
| -ful |
full of, having |
beautiful, truthful |
| -ness |
state, condition, or quality of |
freshness, happiness |
| -y |
having the quality of |
lumpy, cloudy |
| Root |
Meaning |
Example Words |
| auto |
self |
autograph, automatic |
| graph |
write, draw |
graphic, photograph |
| meter |
measure |
millimeter, metric |
| bio |
life |
biology, biodiversity |
| com |
with, together |
companion, compare |
| port |
carry |
portable, import |
| rupt |
break, burst |
disrupt, interrupt |
| terr |
land |
territory, terrain |
| geo |
earth, ground, soil |
geography, geode |
❋ ❋ ❋ ❋ ❋ ❋ ❋ ❋ ❋ ❋ ❋ ❋ ❋ ❋ ❋ ❋ ❋ ❋ ❋ ❋ ❋ ❋ ❋ ❋ ❋ ❋ ❋ ❋ ❋ ❋ | Go to the next page to practice working with roots and affixes. |
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