identify, use, and understand the function of the following parts of speech in the context of reading, writing, and speaking:

1. verbs (perfect and progressive tenses) and participles;
2. appositive phrases;
3. adverbial and adjectival phrases and clauses;
4. conjunctive adverbs (e.g. consequently, furthermore, indeed);
5. prepositions and prepositional phrases and their influence on subject-verb agreement;
6. relative pronouns (e.g. whose, that, which);
7. subordinating conjunctions (e.g. because, since); and
8. transitions for sentence to sentence or paragraph to paragraph coherence;