Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills (TEKS):
2.2.C
demonstrate and apply spelling knowledge by:
spelling one-syllable and multisyllabic words with closed syllables; open syllables; VCe syllables; vowel teams, including digraphs and diphthongs; r-controlled syllables; and final stable syllables;
spelling words with silent letters such as knife and gnat;
spelling compound words, contractions, and common abbreviations;
spelling multisyllabic words with multiple sound-spelling patterns;
spelling words using knowledge of syllable division patterns, including words with double consonants in the middle of the word; and
spelling words with prefixes, including un-, re-, and dis-, and inflectional endings, including -s, -es, -ed, -ing, -er, and -est;
Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills (TEKS):
2.11.D
edit drafts using standard English conventions, including:
complete sentences with subject-verb agreement;
past, present, and future verb tense;
singular, plural, common, and proper nouns;
adjectives, including articles;
adverbs that convey time and adverbs that convey place;
prepositions and prepositional phrases;
pronouns, including subjective, objective, and possessive cases;
coordinating conjunctions to form compound subjects, predicates, and sentences;
capitalization of months, days of the week, and the salutation and conclusion of a letter;
end punctuation, apostrophes in contractions, and commas with items in a series and in dates; and
correct spelling of words with grade-appropriate orthographic patterns and rules and high-frequency words;
Florida - Benchmarks for Excellent Student Thinking:
ELA.2.C.3.1
Follow the rules of standard English grammar, punctuation, capitalization, and spelling appropriate to grade level.
2nd Grade Writing - Spelling Patterns Lesson
The letter g can make two different sounds. One is a hard-g sound, which is pronounced "guh." The other is a soft-g sound, which is pronounced "juh," like the letter j.
When a g is followed by an e, i, or y in a word, then it usually makes a soft-g sound.
Example:
The hamster's cage was full of toys.
Yuna watched the baby giraffe hide behind its mom.
The students ran back and forth across the gym.
The letter c can make two different sounds. One is a hard-c sound, which is pronounced "kuh," like the letter k. The other is a soft-c sound, which is pronounced "suh," like the letter s.
When a c is followed by an e, i, or y in a word, then it usually makes a soft-c sound.
Example:
One penny is equal to one cent.
The little mouse got lost in the big city.
Joe crashed his bicycle on his way home.
When a one-syllable word has a short-vowel sound and ends with a hard-k ("kuh") sound, it usually ends with the letters ck.
Example:
The black cat meowed for more fish.
Redbeard broke the lock to the treasure chest.
Instead of a dog, Rey had a pet rock.
R-controlled vowels
When the letter r comes after a vowel, it changes how the vowel sounds.
The vowel a + r make the sound -ar like in "car."
The vowel o + r make the sound -or, like in "horn."
The vowels i, e, and u + r all make the same sound -er, but are used in different words, like "bird," "herd," and "fur."
Example:
The marbles rolled all over the floor.
Ravi quickly drank a glass of water.
The horse ate a carrot from my hand.
The leaf landed on the girl's head.
Jay only liked purple grapes, not green ones.
Long vowels
A word with a long vowel sound means that the vowel in the word says its name. Some patterns for words with long vowel sounds are below.
Example:
Some words that follow this pattern are take, here, tire, bone, and cute.
Example:
Some words that follow this pattern are paper, even, pilot, robot, and human.
Example:
ai makes a long-a sound, like in paid, laid, and braid.
ea and ee make a long-e sound, like in neat, beat, free, and tree.
ie makes a long-i sound, like in tie, pie, and die.
oa makes a long-o sound, like in boat, coat, and float.
ui and ue make a long-u sound, like in suit, fruit, blue, and clue.
Diphthongs
Diphthongs are two vowel sounds together in one syllable.
The diphthongs, ou and ow, make the same sound, but they are used in different words.
If the "ou" sound is at the beginning or middle
of a word, either ou or ow can be used, so it's important to remember the spelling.
If the "ou" sound is at the end of a word, use ow.
Example:
The brown cow was eating in the field.
Dr. Pierce lives somewhere around here.
The diphthongs, oi and oy, make the same sound, but they are used in different words.
If the "oi" sound is at the beginning or middle
of a word, then use oi.
If the "oi" sound is at the end of a word, use oy.
2nd Grade Writing - Spelling Patterns Lesson