Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills (TEKS):
4.2.B
demonstrate and apply spelling knowledge by:
(i) spelling multisyllabic words with closed syllables; open syllables; VCe syllables; vowel teams, including digraphs and diphthongs; r-controlled syllables; and final stable syllables;
(ii) spelling homophones;
(iii) spelling multisyllabic words with multiple sound-spelling patterns;
(iv) spelling words using advanced knowledge of syllable division patterns;
(v) spelling words using knowledge of prefixes; and
(vi) spelling words using knowledge of suffixes, including how they can change base words such as dropping e, changing y to i, and doubling final consonants; and
Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills (TEKS):
4.11.D
edit drafts using standard English conventions, including:
(i) complete simple and compound sentences with subject-verb agreement and avoidance of splices, run-ons, and fragments;
(ii) past tense of irregular verbs;
(iii) singular, plural, common, and proper nouns;
(iv) adjectives, including their comparative and superlative forms;
(v) adverbs that convey frequency and adverbs that convey degree;
(vi) prepositions and prepositional phrases;
(vii) pronouns, including reflexive;
(viii) coordinating conjunctions to form compound subjects, predicates, and sentences;
(ix) capitalization of historical periods, events, and documents; titles of books; stories and essays; and languages, races, and nationalities;
(x) punctuation marks, including apostrophes in possessives, commas in compound sentences, and quotation marks in dialogue; and
(xi) correct spelling of words with grade-appropriate orthographic patterns and rules and high-frequency words; and
4th Grade Writing - Affixes Lesson
Spelling with Affixes
Words can be changed with the addition of affixes. Affixes are meaningful groups of letters that can be added to basewords to alter their meanings or to build entirely new words. An affix added to the beginning of a word is a prefix. An affix added to the end of a word is a suffix.
CommonPrefixes
Example:
pre- → "before"
precede → to come before
prevent → to stop something from happening before it happens
re- → "again"
review → to look at again
restart → to start again
CommonSuffixes
Example:
finish → finished, finishing
raise → raised, raising
When adding -ed, -ing, or any suffix beginning with a vowel to a word ending with a silente, drop the e before adding the suffix.
carry → carried, carries, carrying
happy → happier, happiest
When adding many suffixes like -er, -est, -ed, and -es to a word ending with a consonant+y, change the y to an i before adding the suffix. Do not change the y to an i when adding -ing to a word ending with a consonant+y.
drop → dropped, dropping
When adding -ed, -ing, or any suffix beginning with a vowel to a one-syllable word with a closed CVC pattern (and a short vowel sound), the final consonant is usually doubled.