Find the product of two factors (up to four digits by a one-digit number and two two-digit numbers), using
strategies based on place value and the properties of operations.
Illustrate and explain the product of two factors using equations, rectangular arrays, and area models.
Common Core State Standards:
Math.4.NBT.5 or 4.NBT.B.5
Multiply a whole number of up to four digits by a one-digit whole
number, and multiply two two-digit numbers, using strategies based
on place value and the properties of operations. Illustrate and explain
the calculation by using equations, rectangular arrays, and/or area
models.
Georgia Standards of Excellence (GSE):
4.NR.2.3
Solve relevant problems involving multiplication of a number with up to four digits by a 1-digit whole number or involving multiplication of two two-digit numbers using strategies based on place value and the properties of operations. Illustrate and explain the calculation by using equations, rectangular arrays, and/or area models.
North Carolina - Standard Course of Study:
4.NBT.5
Multiply a whole number of up to three digits by a one-digit whole number, and multiply up to two two-digit numbers with place value understanding using area models, partial products, and the properties of operations. Use models to make connections and develop the algorithm.
New York State Next Generation Learning Standards:
4.NBT.5
Multiply a whole number of up to four digits by a one-digit whole number, and multiply two two-digit numbers, using strategies based on place value and the properties of operations. Illustrate and explain the calculation by using equations, rectangular arrays, and/or area models. Note on and/or: Students should be taught to use equations, rectangular arrays, and area models; however, when illustrating and explaining any calculation, students can choose any strategy.
Tennessee Academic Standards:
4.NBT.B.5
Multiply a whole number of up to four digits by a one-digit whole number and multiply two two-digit numbers, using strategies based on place value and the properties of operations. Illustrate and explain the calculation by using equations, rectangular arrays, and/or area models.
Wisconsin Academic Standards:
4.NBT.B.5
Multiply a whole number of up to four digits by a one-digit whole number, and multiply two twodigit numbers, using strategies based on place value and the properties of operations. Illustrate and
explain the calculation by using equations, rectangular arrays, or area models.
Pennsylvania Core Standards:
CC.2.1.4.B.2
Use place-value understanding and properties of operations to perform multi-digit arithmetic
Pennsylvania Core Standards:
M04.A-T.2.1.2
Multiply a whole number of up to four digits by a one-digit whole number and multiply 2 two-digit numbers
Georgia Standards of Excellence (GSE):
4.NR.2.2
Interpret, model, and
solve problems involving
multiplicative
comparison.
Georgia Standards of Excellence (GSE):
4.NR.2.3
Solve relevant problems
involving multiplication
of a number with up to
four digits by a 1-digit
whole number or
involving multiplication of two two-digit
numbers using
strategies based on
place value and the
properties of
operations. Illustrate
and explain the
calculation by using
equations, rectangular
arrays, and/or area
models.
Arkansas Academic Standards:
4.CAR.3
Use strategies based on place value and the properties of operations to multiply four-digit by one-digit whole numbers and two two-digit whole numbers.
4th Grade Math - Multiplication Lesson
One way to multiply a one-digit number by a number with more than one digit is by using partial products.
Example:
Step 1: Write the second number under the first number so that the corresponding places are lined up.
443
×
8
Step 2: Expand the top number by place value.
443
400 + 40 + 3
×
8
Step 3: Multiply the bottom number by each number in the expansion.
443
400 + 40 + 3
×
8
3,200
8 × 400
320
8 × 40
24
8 × 3
Step 4: Add the products.
443
×
8
3,200
320
+
24
3,544
So, 443 × 8 = 3,544.
An area model can also be used to multiply using partial products.
Example:
Step 1: Set up the area model using place value.
400
40
3
8
Step 2: Multiply 8 by each number in the top row.
400
40
3
8
3,200
320
24
Step 3: Add the products.
3,200 + 320 + 24 = 3,544
So, 443 × 8 = 3,544.
One way to multiply two numbers that each have more than one digit is by using partial products.
Example:
Step 1: Write the second number under the first number so that the corresponding places are lined up.
26
×
95
Step 2: Expand both numbers by place value.
26
20 + 6
×
95
90 + 5
Step 3: Multiply each number on the bottom by each number on the top.
26
20 + 6
×
95
90 + 5
1,800
90 × 20
540
90 × 6
100
5 × 20
30
5 × 6
Step 4: Add the products.
26
×
95
1,800
540
100
+
30
2,470
So, 26 × 95 = 2,470.
An area model can also be used to multiply using partial products.
Example:
Step 1: Set up the area model using place value.
20
6
90
5
Step 2: Multiply each number on the left by each number in the top row.
20
6
90
1,800
540
5
100
30
Step 3: Add the products.
1,800 + 540 + 100 + 30 = 2,470
So, 26 × 95 = 2,470.
To multiply a multi-digit number by a one-digit number, multiply each digit in the multi-digit number by the one-digit number.
Example:
Step 1: Write the second number under the first number so that the corresponding places are lined up.
Step 2: Multiply the bottom number by the ones digit in the top number (9 × 8 = 72). Since 72 has two digits, both digits won't fit in the ones place. So, write the 2 in the ones place of the product, and carry the 7 to the tens column.
Step 3: Multiply the bottom number by the tens digit in the top number (9 × 8 = 72). Then, add the 7 that was carried to the tens column in the previous step (72 + 7 = 79).
Since 79 has two digits, both digits won't fit in the tens place. So, write the 9 in the tens place of the product, and carry the 7 to the hundreds column.
Step 4: Multiply the bottom number by the hundreds digit in the top number (9 × 1 = 9). Then, add the 7 that was carried to the hundreds column in the previous step (9 + 7 = 16). Write the 6 in the hundreds place and the 1 in the thousands place of the sum.
To multiply a two-digit number by a two-digit number, multiply each digit in one of the numbers by each digit in the other number.
Example:
Step 1: Write the second number under the first number so that the corresponding places are lined up.
Step 2: Multiply the ones digit in the bottom number by the ones digit in the top number (9 × 8 = 72). Since 72 has two digits, both digits won't fit in the ones place. So, write the 9 in the ones place, and carry the 7 to the tens column.
Step 3: Multiply the ones digit in the bottom number by the tens digit in the top number (9 × 8 = 72). Then, add the 7 that was carried to the tens column in the previous step (72 + 7 = 79). Write the 9 in the tens place and the 7 in the hundreds place.
Step 4: Start a new line, and add a placeholder zero to the ones column. Then, multiply the tens digit in the bottom number by the ones digit in the top number (3 × 8 = 24). Since 24 has two digits, both digits won't fit in the tens place. So, write the 4 in the tens place, and carry the 2 to the tens column.
Step 5: Multiply the tens digit in the bottom number by the tens digit in the top number (3 × 8 = 24). Then, add the 2 that was carried to the hundreds column (24 + 2 = 26). Write the 6 in the hundreds place and the 2 in the thousands place.
Step 6: Add to find the product (792 + 2,640 = 3,432).
4th Grade Math - Multiplication Lesson
