Acquire and use accurately grade-appropriate general academic and domain-specific words and phrases; gather vocabulary knowledge when considering a word or phrase important to comprehension or expression.
Pennsylvania Core Standards:
E06.B-V.4.1.1
Determine or clarify the meaning of unknown and multiple-meaning words and phrases based on grade 6 reading and content, choosing flexibly from a range of strategies.
a. Use context (e.g., the overall meaning of a sentence or paragraph, a word’s position or function in a sentence) as a clue to the meaning of a word or phrase. b. Use common, grade-appropriate Greek or Latin affixes and roots as clues to the meaning of a word (e.g., audience, auditory, audible). c. Determine the meaning of technical words and phrases used in a text.
Pennsylvania Core Standards:
E06.B-V.4.1.2
Demonstrate understanding of figurative language, word relationships, and nuances in word meanings.
a. Interpret figurative language (simile, metaphor, personification, and hyperbole) in context. b. Use the relationship between particular words (e.g., cause/effect, part/whole, item/category, synonym/antonym) to better understand each of the words. c. Distinguish among the connotations (associations) of words with similar denotations (definitions) (e.g., stingy, scrimping, economical, unwasteful, thrifty).
Pennsylvania Core Standards:
CC.1.2.6.k
Determine or clarify the meaning of unknown and multiple-meaning words and phrases based on grade-level reading and content, choosing flexibly from a range of strategies and tools.
Pennsylvania Core Standards:
E06.B-V.4.1.1
Determine or clarify the meaning of unknown and multiple-meaning words and phrases based on grade 6 reading and content, choosing flexibly from a range of strategies.
a. Use context (e.g., the overall meaning of a sentence or paragraph, a word’s position or function in a sentence) as a clue to the meaning of a word or phrase. b. Use common, grade-appropriate Greek or Latin affixes and roots as clues to the meaning of a word (e.g., audience, auditory, audible). c. Determine the meaning of technical words and phrases used in a text.
Pennsylvania Core Standards:
E06.B-V.4.1.2
Demonstrate understanding of figurative language, word relationships, and nuances in word meanings.
a. Interpret figurative language (simile, metaphor, personification, and hyperbole) in context. b. Use the relationship between particular words (e.g., cause/effect, part/whole, item/category, synonym/antonym) to better understand each of the words.
c. Distinguish among the connotations (associations) of words with similar denotations (definitions) (e.g., stingy, scrimping, economical, unwasteful, thrifty).
Pennsylvania Core Standards:
CC.1.3.6.i
Determine or clarify the meaning of unknown and multiple-meaning words and phrases based on grade-level reading and content, choosing flexibly from a range of strategies and tools.
Pennsylvania Core Standards:
E06.A-V.4.1.1
Determine or clarify the meaning of unknown and multiple-meaning words and phrases based on grade 6 reading and content, choosing flexibly from a range of strategies.
a. Use context (e.g., the overall meaning of a sentence or paragraph; a word’s position or function in a sentence) as a clue to the meaning of a word or phrase. b. Use common, grade-appropriate Greek or Latin affixes and roots as clues to the meaning of a word (e.g., audience, auditory, audible).
Pennsylvania Core Standards:
E06.A-V.4.1.2
Demonstrate understanding of figurative language, word relationships, and nuances in word meanings.
a. Interpret figurative language (simile, metaphor, personification, and hyperbole) in context. b. Use the relationship between particular words (e.g., cause/effect, part/whole, item/category, synonym/antonym) to better understand each of the words. c. Distinguish among the connotations (associations) of words with similar denotations (definitions) (e.g., stingy, scrimping, economical, unwasteful, thrifty).
Pennsylvania Core Standards:
CC.1.3.6.j
Acquire and use accurately grade-appropriate general academic and domain-specific words and phrases; gather vocabulary knowledge when considering a word or phrase important to comprehension or expression
Pennsylvania Core Standards:
E06.A-V.4.1.1
Determine or clarify the meaning of unknown and multiple-meaning words and phrases based on grade 6 reading and content, choosing flexibly from a range of strategies.
a. Use context (e.g., the overall meaning of a sentence or paragraph; a word’s position or function in a sentence) as a clue to the meaning of a word or phrase. b. Use common, grade-appropriate Greek or Latin affixes and roots as clues to the meaning of a word (e.g., audience, auditory, audible).
Pennsylvania Core Standards:
E06.A-V.4.1.2
Demonstrate understanding of figurative language, word relationships, and nuances in word meanings.
a. Interpret figurative language (simile, metaphor, personification, and hyperbole) in context. b. Use the relationship between particular words (e.g., cause/effect, part/whole, item/category, synonym/antonym) to better understand each of the words. c. Distinguish among the connotations (associations) of words with similar denotations (definitions) (e.g., stingy, scrimping, economical, unwasteful, thrifty).
6th Grade Reading - Word Relationships Lesson
Context Clues
Good readers notice context clues when they read a word they do not know. A context clue is a hint the author gives the reader about what the words in the text mean.
If you do not know the meaning of a word, look at the words and sentences around it. Look for:
a synonym or antonym of the word
more details about the word
the word restated in a different way
Analogy
An analogy makes a comparison between two things that are alike in some way. These are some common analogy relationships.
Cause-Effect
In this analogy, the words are related in a cause-effect relationship. One word may describe the cause and the other may describe the effect.
Examples:
study::knowledge
tornado::destruction
The effect of studying is gaining knowledge. The effect of a tornado is destruction.
Part to whole or Whole to part.
In this analogy, the words are related in a part to whole or whole to part relationships. One word may describe a part of something and the other word may describe the whole of the part.
Examples
leaf::branch
punctuation::comma
A leaf is a part of a branch. Punctuation is the whole of which a comma is a part.
Item-Category
In this analogy, the words are related in an item or type and category or group relationship. One word may describe the type and the other may describe a category.
Examples:
tricycle::bike
pediatrics::medical science
Tricycle is a type of bike. Pediatrics is a type of medical science.
Words have different word parts that can be added to them. These are known as affixes, and they change the meaning of a word.
Root
The root is the basic part of the word in which affixes can be added.
Prefix
A prefix is a word part that is added to the beginning of a word.
Suffix
A suffix is a word part that is added to the end of a word.
These are some common root words.
Root
Meaning
Example Word
dict-
speech
diction (style of speaking)
duce-
lead
educate (to lead forward)
geo-
Earth
geology (the study of Earth)
graph-
write
biography (a person life written by someone else)
pede-
feet
centipede (an insect with many feet)
phon-
sound
microphone (an instrument that makes small sounds bigger)
port-
carry
export (to sell across a country)
quad-
four
quadrilateral (having four sides)
anti-
against
anticlimax (against the climax)
velo-
speed
velocity (unit of speed)
vis-
see
vision (state of seeing)
These are some common prefixes and some words that use them.
Prefix
Meaning
Example Word
Anti-
against
anticlimax (against the climax)
Auto-
self
autobiography (a person’s life written by that person)
Com-
with, together
compact (joined or packed together)
De-
away, remove
deforest (remove trees or forest)
Dis-
the opposite of
disallow (not allow)
En-
make
enforce (to put force)
Ex-
past
ex-boss (former boss)
Hemi-
half
hemicycle (a half circle)
In-
not
inactive( not active)
Inter-
between
interstate (between states)
Mis-
wrong, bad
mispronounce (say wrongly)
Non-
no or not
nonmetal (not metal)
Post-
after
postdate (after the date)
Pre-
before
pretest (a test before a test)
Pro-
forward
promote (move forward)
Re-
again
regift (gift again)
Trans-
across
transfer (to pass from one person or place to another)
Tri-
three
triangle (having three angles)
Un-
no or not
unafraid (not afraid)
Under-
below, lacking
underage (lacking the required age)
These are some common suffixes and some words that use them.
6th Grade Reading - Word Relationships Lesson